English Recordings

Recent years have seen the appearance of different means of communication. In addition to newspapers, mobile phones and televisions, an increasing number of people have a computer at home, and they use it to play video games, surf the Internet, and generate documents. A home PC offers many ways to communicate: sending emails, sharing photos on Facebook, writing your own blog with hypertext, and chatting with foreigners. It’s amazing that Asians can easily connect with anyone in North America. It has brought comfort and reassurance to many, knowing that a friend or family member is only a mouse click away.

Another application is in education, which allows for more equality amongst the various students, as most children under eighteen are computer literate. But overdependence can be dangerous. It’s not clear who takes responsibility for making sure that all those websites are giving just facts. Usually the information is reliable, but occasionally it’s unreliable. Another drawback to computers is that teenagers focus too much on them for their entertainment, and it destroys their creativity. Still, experts say that owning a PC is a necessary investment.

It’s a good idea to preserve the Earth’s natural beauty. Everybody from the Arctic Ocean to South America is responsible for the world we live in; to damage our environment would be irresponsible. Taking public transportation will cut down on exhaust from traffic, and keep the atmosphere cleaner. At home, we can sort our rubbish into different materials and recycle them. Most people are aware of the importance of saving energy, but some people are unaware. In our homes, we have many machines that use electricity, so it would be advantageous to use them efficiently. Nowadays, environmentalists want us to use fewer plastic bags. Therefore, everyone should take reusable shopping bags with them to the supermarket. We can also reduce the amount of paper we use by sharing newspapers, and not printing lots of documents from a computer. Water is another important resource which no one wants to waste. Some places have an undersupply of clean water to drink. There must be at least fifty practical ways you can adjust your life today to be sensitive to the issues, so everyone is capable of improving the situation.

In the past, President Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded solders for comfort and encouragement. Once, doctors were giving pain medication to a young soldier who was badly injured and near death. The president went over to his bedside and asked what he could do for him. The soldier obviously didn’t recognize him, and with some effort he was able to whisper, “Please write a letter to my grandmother.” The president strained to hear and write down the young main’s words exactly as spoken. After fifteen minutes, when the soldier was too sluggish to continue, the president signed the letter for him and added, “Written for Tom Jones by the president of the USA.” The young man requested to see the hand-written note, and was astonished when he discovered who wrote it. Despite his weakness, he grasped the president’s hand, and squeezed it to express his appreciation. Unfortunately, he and the medical team could not overcome the damage to his body.

In this world, some people are merciful, but others are unmerciful. However, everyone can get some inspiration from a generous act of kindness.

If you smoke, you are one of more than a billion people in the world today who do. This statistics is especially alarming, since inhaling is quite dangerous. You might feel healthy now, but chances are you will soon be unhealthy. Smoking causes many different kinds of serious illnesses, such as lung cancer and heart disease. People who smoke usually know the consequences of their choice, but they continue to do it. In the United States, many people start before they are eighteen; some as early as fifteen. They are pushed by curiosity or peer pressure, and by age thirty-two they are usually addicted. Some try to kick the habit, but the effort to quit is undeniable, even if you are knowledgeable about the risks.

The majority of people in the world does not like smoking. These non-smokers are very concerned about the long-term effects on people’s health from tobacco fumes. They have helped pass laws to restrict smoking in public places so as to decrease breathing harmful “second-hand smoke”. If you avoid lighting a cigarette, you are wise, and will probably live a happier life.

Studying a new language can be challenging, especially if listeners have trouble understanding the accent. But with a specific action plan and regular practice, most people can reach a good standard of communication in a second language. It is important to have correct pronunciation and speak clearly, because incorrect pronunciation can cause misunderstandings. The objective of most language learners over eighteen isn’t to match the ability of native speakers, but to have comfortable communication in every day business and social situations.

You don’t need a high IQ, and it’s important to remember that making mistakes is a natural part of learning. Being an active learner, rather than a passive one, means using everyday opportunities to practise your speaking skills, so be prepared to ask for advice and correction. Perhaps you can go to the Guom Lake or Hue Street and ask some foreigners their advice. Most people are pleased to help learners with the pronunciation or the meaning of an unfamiliar word. If you are hard-working and do your homework, you can slowly build your confidence, meet new friends, and learn about other cultures.

I really appreciate all the other countries sending aid to Japan in response to the deadly earthquake and tsunami.
Japanese people are really, really thankful for the relief effort.
In addition, I would like to point out that our government is hiding the fact that the situation at the nuclear power plants is getting worse by the second.

Drilling
is used to remove material from the inside of a workpiece. This process utilizes standard drill bits held stationary in the tail stock or tool turret of the lathe.

Knurling
The cutting of a serrated pattern onto the surface of a part to use as a hand grip using a special purpose knurling tool.

Threading
both standard and non-standard screw threads can be turned on a lathe using an appropriate cutting tool. (Usually having a 60, or 55° nose angle) Either externally, or within a bore. Generally referred to as single-point threading.
tapping of threaded nuts and holes a) using hand taps and tailstock centre b)using a tapping device with a slipping clutch to reduce risk of breakage of the tap
threading operations include a)all types of external and internal thread forms using a single point tool also taper threads, double start threads, multi start threads, worms as used in worm wheel reduction boxes, leadscrew with single or multistart threads. b) by the use of threading boxes fitted with 4 form tools, up to 2" diameter threads but it is possible to find larger boxes.

Dead center
A dead center (one that does not turn freely, i.e., dead) may be used to support the workpiece at either the fixed or rotating end of the machine. When used in the fixed position, a dead center produces friction between the workpiece and center, due to the rotation of the workpiece. Lubrication is therefore required between the center and workpiece to prevent friction welding from occurring. Additionally the tip of the center may have an insert of carbide which will reduce the friction slightly and allow for faster speeds. Dead centers may also be fully hardened to prevent damage to the important mating surfaces taper of the taper and to preserve the 60° nose taper.
Soft center
Soft centers are identical to dead centers except the nose is deliberately left soft (unhardened) so that it may be readily machined to the correct angle prior to usage. This operation is performed on the headstock center to ensure that the centers axis is aligned with the spindles axis.
Live or revolving center
A live center or revolving center is constructed so that the 60° center runs in its own bearings and is used at the non driven or tailstock end of a machine.It allows higher turning speeds without the need for separate lubrication, and also greater clamping pressures. CNC lathes use this type of center almost exclusively and they may be used for general machining operations as well. Spring loaded live centers are designed to compensate for center variations, without damage to the work piece or center tip. This assures the operator of uniform constant tension while machining. Some live centers also have interchangeable shafts. This is valuable when situations require a design other than a 60° male tip.
Pipe center
A pipe center has a larger diameter at the 60 ° taper end. This allows the center to be used in the bore of a pipe (or similar workpiece). While a pipe center ensures the workpiece remains concentric, its main advatage is that it supports the workpiece securely. Thin walled material such as pipes easily collapse if excessive pressures are used at the chuck end,

Cup center
The cup center is a variation of the live center and is used in woodworking to support the softer material around the actual center and prevent the material splitting.
Drive center
A drive center is used in the driving end of the machine (headstock). It consists of a dead center surrounded by hardened teeth. These teeth bite into the softer workpiece allowing the workpiece to be driven directly by the center. This allows the full diameter of the workpiece to be machined in a single operation, this contrasts with the usual requirement where a carrier is attached to the workpiece at the driven end. They are often used in woodworking or where softer materials are machined.
Drive Centre is also known as Grip centre in some industrial circles. Another modification made to the Drive centre is that Shell End Mills are modified and used instead of hardened pins that enable better gripping and also that used of used Shell end mills after Grinding the edges. This prevents breakdown time due to pin breakage.
Spring Center
A spring center is a metalworking lathe center for maintaining a cutting tool like a reamer or a tap, in axial alignment with a hole being worked on. It consists of a point backed by a spring to push the cutting tool into the workpeice.

Facing
is part of the turning process. It involves moving the cutting tool at right angles to the axis of rotation of the rotating workpiece.This can be performed by the operation of the cross-slide, if one is fitted, as distinct from the longitudinal feed (turning). It is frequently the first operation performed in the production of the workpiece, and often the last- hence the phrase "ending up".

Parting
This process is used to create deep grooves which will remove a completed or part-complete component from its parent stock.

Grooving
is like parting, except that grooves are cut to a specific depth by a form tool instead of severing a completed/part-complete component from the stock. Grooving can be performed on internal and external surfaces, as well as on the face of the part (face grooving or trepanning).
Non-specific operations include:
Boring
i.e. the machining of internal cylindrical forms (generating) a) by mounting workpiece to the spindle via a chuck or faceplate b) by mounting workpiece onto the cross slide and placing cutting tool into the chuck. This work is suitable for castings that are to awkward to mount in the face plate. On long bed lathes large workpiece can be bolted to a fixture on the bed and a shaft passed between two lugs on the workpiece and these lugs can be bored out to size. A limited application but one that is available to the skilled turner/machinist

A lathe center, often shortened to center, is a tool that has been ground to a point as to accurately position a workpiece about an axis. They usually have an included angle of 60°, but in heavy machining situation an angle of 75° is used.
The primary use of a center is to ensure concentric work is produced, this allows the workpiece to be transferred between operations without any loss of accuracy. A part may be turned in a lathe, sent off for hardening and tempering and then ground between centers in a cylindrical grinder. The preservation of concentricity between the turning and grinding operations is crucial for quality work.
A center is also used to support longer workpieces where the cutting forces would deflect the work excessively, reducing the finish and accuracy of the workpiece, or creating a hazardous situation.
A center has applications anywhere that a centered workpiece may be used, this is not limited to lathe usage but may include setups in dividing heads, cylindrical grinders, tool and cutter grinders or other related equipment. The term between centers refers to any machining operation where the job needs to be performed using centers.
A center is inserted into a matching hole drilled by a center drill.