English Recordings

45.
Many years ago, psychologists performed an experiment in which they put a number of people in a
room, alone except for a ring toss set. It was one of those children’s toys with a short wooden post held upright on the floor and a bunch of round rings. The subjects were
left alone to amuse themselves as best they could. As expected, with time to kill, they began trying to toss the rings around the post. What the psychologists discovered was that most of the people moved far enough away from the post so that tossing the rings around it was
challenging but not so difficult as to be totally frustrating.
In other words, they deliberately positioned themselves between frustration on the one hand and boredom on the other. The process of alternately producing and relieving
tension was what made the activity stimulating.
Subjects tended to make a ring toss activity stimulating by producing just enough tension through varying the distance to the post so as to balance frustration and boredom.

46-48.
On the wall of our dining room was a framed quotation: “Let me live in a house by the side of the road and be a friend to man.” It inspired in me countless childhood daydreams about meeting new people from exotic places.
I was a child who desperately wanted to connect with others. We did live ‘by the side of the road’ ― on Route 9 between Keene and Portsmouth ― but in a place so remote it was extremely difficult to be a ‘friend to man.’
One day when our family drove into town, I focused intently on the big, paper, grocery store signs advertising the same type of produce that we grew: ‘carrots, 50 cents a
bunch,’ ‘tomatoes, 99 cents a pound.’ Meanwhile, I thought of how the type of ‘imperfect’ produce we ate for dinner, just as healthy as that sold at the store, was often tossed on the compost heap or left in the ground.
The unattractive produce such as crooked carrots and odd-looking tomatoes was not valuable to the grocery store, where only ‘perfect’ produce was sold. But I knew they would have value to people who would chop them into salads or soups, can them, or use them to make pies, because that is what our family did with them. They were fresh and clean and came straight from the good earth.
Why couldn’t others also benefit from that value? I could save people the trouble of going into the store by making my produce accessible at the side of the road, and that
would provide value, too. Surely I could convince people to pay half of what the grocery store charged and to feel lucky about the bargain. Suddenly, I saw a connection between those bumpy vegetables on our table and the quotation on the wall; I found a way to satisfy my longing
for new friends. These homely fruits and vegetables
would become my golden apples.

49-50.
A friend of mine and his wife were in Hawaii, standing on a beach, watching a beautiful sunset ― hardly able to believe how magnificent the sight was. A woman approached them and overheard my friend’s wife say,
“I can’t believe how beautiful this is.” While walking away from the spectacular display, the woman said, “You should have seen it in Tahiti.”
When your attention is not on the present moment but on something else, you will tend to compare even good experiences with others, as the Tahiti traveler did, or you will wonder about future experiences instead of enjoying the present one, and regret past experiences because they are already over. But as you
learn to bring your attention back to the here and now, life will come alive again, providing the enjoyment and satisfaction it was meant to. Thus, when you live in the present moment, one of the nice things that happens to you is that ordinary, everyday life takes on a new significance.
Taking walks, watching a sunset, gardening, reading a book, all begin to feel special. When your attention is brought back to the here and now, you engage in life rather than think about life.

42.
The age of 3½ is not without its charm. One of the
more amusing aspects of this age is the child’s often vivid
imagination, expressed most strikingly in his enjoyment of
imaginary companions. Though some people have felt that
only the lonely play with imaginary playmates, our research
makes it very evident that it is often the highly superior
and imaginative child who invents these creatures. They are
very real to him, very important, and, we can assure you,
quite harmless. Even though it may be annoying to have to
lay a place at dinner or keep an extra seat in the family
automobile for his ‘friend’ who exists only in your child’s
imagination, it is probably well worthwhile.

43.
Rosalyn’s parents did everything possible to avoid
favoring one child over the others, and this resulted in
her feelings being hurt. One year Rosalyn asked her
mother to prepare a special treat for her birthday: the
honey cake that Rosalyn had always loved.
Her mother said she couldn’t. If she made a honey cake
for Rosalyn, she’d have to make cakes for Rosalyn’s
two sisters, and she didn’t have time to make three cakes.
In the end, her mother did give Rosalyn a honey cake
on her birthday ― a really small one, because she
split the batter for one cake into three parts, to treat
her daughters equally.
Upon receiving the cake, Rosalyn became disappointed.
It was, after all, her birthday; couldn’t she be singled
out on one day of the year? A parent’s admirable
efforts not to play favorites can mean that no child gets
the whole cake of parental love.

44.
How can you create closeness when the two of you are
hundreds of miles apart? How can you make the person you
are talking to on the phone feel special when you cannot pat
their back or give them a little hug? The answer is simple.
Just use your caller’s name far more often than you would
in person. In fact, shower your conversations with his or her
name. Saying a person’s name too often in face-to-face
conversation sounds manipulative. However, on the phone
the effect is dramatically different. If you heard someone say
your name, even if you were being pushed around in a big
noisy crowd, you would pay attention and listen.

39.
Although a speech can be effective, all the words in the
world cannot measure up to the example of a leader,
especially in communicating new behaviors and values.
There is often no more effective way to help people
understand the message than to have it modeled for them by
the manager. Words can yield a variety of interpretations in
terms of the kind of behaviors people think they mean. But
a manager’s actions provide a clear model of exactly the
kind of behavior required. Managers who want people to
take a more team-based approach with their people, for
example, will almost certainly get better results by taking a
more team-based approach themselves rather than just by
making a speech on teamwork.

40.
Now, as always, cities are desperate to create the
impression that they lie at the center of something or other.
This idea of centrality may be locational, namely
that a city lies at the geographical center of England, Europe,
and so on. This draws on a well-established notion
that geographical centrality makes a place more accessible,
easing communication and communication costs. However, now that the economy is characterized more by the exchange of information than by hard goods, geographical centrality has been replaced by attempts to create a sense of cultural centrality.
Cultural centrality usually demonstrates itself as a cry that a
city is at the center of the action. This means that the city has an abundance of cultural activities, such as
restaurants, theater, ballet, music, sport, and scenery.
The suggestion is that people will want for nothing in this
city.

41.
Young children rarely think of their art as personal
property. Often they throw it away or give it away. This
suggests that much of the value of art for a child consists
in making it. Interestingly, art in tribal societies is
frequently abandoned after it has served its purpose. The
focus is on the magical, expressive, and social value of the
act of making. Some contemporary artists share this
feeling, but they are also caught up in the system of art
exhibition, the selling of their art, and the requirements of
an art market. This results in a tension in the art world that
is largely unresolved ― the tension between art as a
satisfying mode of expression and art as a precious
collectible object, between the experience of making and
the experience of owning.

Can you give me just a minute to finish writing this?

Preformed tool tips made from metallic carbides are harder than Stellite, cheaper than Stellite, and capable of operating at the same temperatures. Carbides can only be machined by grinding using silicon carbide abrasive wheels.
Since carbides are very brittle compared with metallic cutting-tool materials they have to be securely supported by the tool shank, to which they may be brazed or clamped.

Carbide cutting tools fall into three categories:

1) TUNGSTEN CARBIDE:
Tungsten carbide is very hard and brittle and is used to machine such materials as grey cast iron and cast bronzes. These metals have a relatively low tensile strength and form a discontinuous chip. However, they have a hard and abrasive skin as a result of the casting process. The tungsten carbide particles are mixed with metallic cobalt particles to form a composite cutting material after sintering.

2) MIXED CARBIDES:
Mixed carbides are mixtures of tungsten and titanium carbides. They are less hard and abrasion resistant than straight tungsten carbide, but they are very much stronger and tougher and are used for cutting high-strength materials. They are also less porous than straight tungsten carbide and are therefore less prone to form a built-up edge. The comments concerning particle size and quantity apply equally to mixed carbides.

3) COATED CARBIDES:
Coated carbides are more expensive than tungsten or mixed carbides but can be run at cutting speeds up to 30 per cent greater than those recommended for tungsten or mixed carbides without any reduction in tool life. Tungsten or mixed-carbide tool tips are coated with a very hard and abrasion-resistant film of titanium nitride (TiN). They cannot be reground as this would destroy the coating, hence coated carbides are only available as disposable inserts.

The use of throwaway inserts has a number of advantages:
1) The inserts are mass-produced and, relatively speaking, they are very cheap, much cheaper than the cost of regrinding.
2) The tolerances on the inserts are such as to ensure consistent cutting performance from one insert to the next.
3) The tolerances on the inserts also ensure there is no need to reset the tooling after changing an insert. This reduces the downtime and lost production through tool replacement.

<Typical learner vs. motivated learner>

Paula is a typical learner of English with a generally low level of motivation. She has occasional moments of high motivation — like the day before her English test or that time when she couldn't communicate with a foreign customer who called her at work. These kind of situations make her think "I've got to do something about my English!". However, they happen very rarely — less than once a month. So even if she studies quite intensively (e.g. for two whole days before an exam), the results are poor, because she forgets 90% of the things she learned within a month. This is no surprise: The way human memory works, you need to review things all the time; otherwise you just forget them.

Now let's look at a different English learner: Judy. Judy reads a special novel for English learners (written in simplified English) almost every day for 30 minutes. She bought an English-English dictionary and uses it to look up English words whenever she doesn't understand a sentence in her book. It was hard to study regularly at the beginning: Reading books and using a dictionary were not "normal activities" for her. And every English sentence was a challenge.

But now, after only two weeks, she can read much faster. While reading, she often sees words that she has learned in the past two weeks. When she recognizes such a word, she doesn't have to look it up in a dictionary and she knows she has made good progress. Judy feels she has learned a lot of English recently, and she is eager to learn more. Every day, she looks forward to reading her book. The book gives her the chance to use what she has learned (enjoy her progress) and to learn even more. Because she reads regularly, she forgets little and her vocabulary keeps growing.

Judy is on the right track. She will soon be able to read English-language newspapers and other resources written for native speakers.

<What to do?>
If you are like Paula and don't feel like reading in English in your free time, focusing your attention on English sentences, or practicing the pronunciation of the "r" sound, you will have to do something about it. There are many techniques to help you with motivation, but the best one is probably to do something fun.

If you can use your English to watch a funny video on the Internet, read an article about your favorite band, or communicate with smart people on a discussion forum, you will begin to think of English as your key to fun. When you think "English", you will no longer think about boring classes, difficult grammar rules or lists of words to memorize — you will think about a funny TV show, your favorite band and people you like. In your mind, English will no longer be another boring subject at school — it will be the way to have fun every day.

~(Thanks for your recording.)~~~
~~~~~~~<Forleaening korean>~~~~~~~~~
<보통 사람 vs 의욕적인 사람 >

폴라는 영어를 공부할 큰 동기가 없는 보통 사람입니다. 가끔 의욕적일 때도 있습니다. 영어 시험 전날이나 회사에서 외국인 고객과 의사소통이 안 되는 날처럼요. 그럴 때면, "영어 공부 좀 해야겠구나!"라는 생각이 듭니다. 그러나 그런 경우는 한 달에 한 번도 안 됩니다. 그래서 가끔 열심히 공부해도(시험 보기 이틀 전에 온종일), 점수가 안 나옵니다. 한 달이 지나기 전에, 공부했던 내용의 90퍼센트를 잊어버리니까요. 당연한 일입니다. 원래 사람의 머리가 그렇게 작동하는걸요. 그래서 꾸준히 반복하지 않으면, 다 잊어버리게 됩니다.

이번엔 다른 타입의 사람을 살펴보죠. 주디는 영어 학습자를 위해 특별히 쉬운 영어로 쓴 책을 매일 30분씩 읽습니다. 영영 사전도 사서, 책을 읽다가 모르는 문장이 나오면 찾아봅니다. 처음에는 규칙적으로 공부하는 게 어려웠습니다. 책을 읽고 사전을 찾는 일은 평소에 하던 일이 아니었거든요. 문장 하나하나가 도전이었습니다.

하지만, 겨우 2주가 지났을 뿐인데, 벌써 읽기 속도가 빨라졌습니다. 책일 읽다보면, 2주 전에 공부했던 단어들이 종종 눈에 띄었습니다. 그런 단어는 이제 사전을 찾지 않아도 되었고, 실력이 확실히 향상된 것이 느껴졌습니다. 주디는 그동안 영어 공부를 꽤 많이 해온 기분이 들었고, 앞으로도 더 공부하고 싶은 의욕이 생겼습니다. 매일 책 읽는 시간이 기다려집니다. 책을 읽으면서 그동안 배운 것을 확인할 수 있고 (실력이 는 것을 즐기면서), 더 많은 것을 배울 수 있습니다. 꾸준히 읽어온 덕분에, 잊어버리는 표현은 별로 없고, 어휘 실력이 점점 늘어갔습니다.

주디는 제대로 된 선택을 했습니다. 이제 곧 그녀는 영어 신문이나 영어권 독자를 대상으로 쓴 글도 읽게 될 것입니다.

< 즐거울수록 더 많이 기억할 수 있습니다 >
영어가 즐거우면, 더 많은 시간을 투자하게 되고, 또 꾸준히 공부할 수 있습니다. 강한 동기가 주는 장점은 또 있습니다. 바로 새로운 표현과 문법 구조를 더 쉽게 기억할 수 있다는 것이죠. 우리의 뇌는 흥미를 많이 느끼는 대상일수록 더 잘 기억하는 특성이 있습니다. (예를 들어, 역사를 좋아하는 사람은 2차 세계 대전의 세세한 부분까지 기억하기도 합니다. "보통 사람"에게 외우라고 시키면 절대 못하죠.) 이렇듯, 영어가 즐거워지면 그 혜택은 두 배가 됩니다.

What is necessary to learn English well?(2)

The problem
The problem with learning and teaching English as a foreign language is that all English learners want to speak English well; however, most learners don't want to spend time on learning English on their own. (Which is probably why they sign up for English classes and hope their teacher will force knowledge into their heads.)

This lack of motivation means that learners basically don't spend their own time on learning English, and if they do, they don't do it regularly. For example, a typical learner might study English phrasal verbs for 12 hours before an English exam. However, he will not read a book in English for 30 minutes every day. He just doesn't feel that learning English is pleasant enough, so he will only do it if he has to. The problem is that a huge one-time effort gives you nothing, while small, everyday activities will give you a lot.

Negative attitudes
One of the reasons why people don't want to spend their time on learning English is that they associate learning English with unpleasant things. When they think "learning English", they think about boring English classes, boring exercises and boring homework. Even if they know they need English in their career, that might not be very motivating if the job itself is boring! In their minds, learning English is something they have to do, not something they want to do.

영어를 가르치고 배울 때 겪는 가장 큰 문제는, 모두가 영어를 잘하고는 싶어한다는 것입니다. 그런데 자기 스스로 공부해나가는 것은 싫어하죠. (그래서 영어 강의를 신청하고, 강사가 여러분의 머릿속에 지식을 집어넣어 주길 기대합니다.)

공부하려는 동기가 생기지 않으니, 스스로 공부하려 들지 않는 것이고, 공부를 한다고 해도 꾸준히 못 하는 겁니다. 예를 들어, 시험 보기 전에 12시간 동안 동사구를 공부할 수는 있습니다. 그러나 매일 30분 동안 영어책을 읽는 건 안 하죠. 영어가 즐겁지 않으니까, 꼭 필요할 때 말고는 공부하고픈 마음이 안 생기는 겁니다. 여기서 문제는, 한 번에 몰아서 하는 공부는 별 소용이 없고, 조금이라도 매일 하는 공부가 훨씬 낫다는 것입니다.

여러분이 이처럼, "r" 발음을 연습하거나 영어 문장을 매일 분석하려는 마음이 안 생기는 사람이라면, 먼저 해야 할 일이 있습니다. 일단 이것들을 공부하고 싶은 마음이 들게 만드세요. 즉, 스스로 동기를 유발시켜야 합니다. 다행히 여러분의 의욕을 불태울 수 있는 검증된 방법이 있습니다.

What is necessary to learn English well?

Changing your life
Learning English requires action. You may know all the learning tips, but if you don't start doing things, you will achieve nothing. The fact is, if you want to learn to speak English well, you must change your life. Here are some examples of things you will have to do:

1-read a book in English for an hour every day, analyzing the grammar in sentences and looking up words in an English dictionary

2-listen to an audiobook or other recording in English, stopping it frequently, trying to understand what is being said, and trying to imitate the speaker's pronunciation

3-spend 30 minutes in the afternoon practicing the pronunciation of the English "r" sound

4-carefully write an e-mail message in English, using a dictionary or a Web search every 20 seconds to make sure every word is correct, and taking 5 minutes to write one sentence

5-think about an English sentence you've read, wondering if it could say "a" instead of "the" in the sentence, and trying to find similar sentences on the Web to find out the answer

6-walk down the street and build simple English sentences in your head (talking to yourself in English about the things you see around you)

What kind of person would do all these crazy things? Only one kind. The kind of person who enjoys doing them. If you want to learn to speak English well, you're going to have to become that person. Have you ever heard of anyone who became successful by doing something he hated?

영어 공부는 행동이 필요합니다. 영어 공부법을 많이 알고 있더라도, 실천하지 않으면 아무것도 이룰 수 없습니다. 사실, 영어를 잘 하려면 생활을 바꿔야 합니다. 꼭 실천해야 하는 활동 몇 가지를 소개합니다.

1-매일 1시간씩, 영어로 된 책을 읽으면서, 문법과 문장 구조를 분석하고, 사전에서 단어를 찾아보세요.
2-오디오북이나 다른 영어 테이프을 들으면서, 무슨 내용을 말하고 있는지 수시로 멈춰가며 파악하고, 발음을 흉내 내세요.
3-영어의 "r" 소리를 매일 오후 연습하세요.
4-아주 주의 깊게 영어 이메일을 써보세요. 20초마다 사전이나 인터넷을 찾고 실수가 있는지 점검하면서, 5분에 한 문장씩 만들어 가세요.
5-영어 문장을 읽을 땐, 생각을 하면서 읽으세요. "a" 대신 "the"는 쓸 수 없는지 질문해보고, 비슷한 문장을 인터넷으로 검색해서 답을 알아보세요.
6-길을 걸어가면서 간단한 영어 문장을 머릿속으로 만들어보세요. (주변의 모습을 자기 자신에게 영어로 말해보는 겁니다.)

도대체 누가 이런 수고를 마다하지 않을까요? 딱 한 부류의 사람뿐입니다. 이런 일들을 즐기는 사람이죠. 영어를 잘하려면, 그런 사람이 돼야 합니다. 짜증 나는 마음으로는 할 수 없습니다. 자기가 싫어하는 일에 매달려서 성공한 사람의 이야기를 들어본 적이 있습니까?

'How to Learn a Foreign Language' ?
('어떻게 외국어를 배워야 하는가 ) May 26th 2010 02:50

I found this sentence 'How to Learn a Foreign Language' ? ' by chance, and I felt it was a sentence written just for me.
우연히 '어떻게 외국어를 배워야 하는가 ?' 라는 이 문장을 발견했어요. 그런데 , 바로 나를 위한 글인것 같아요.
'How to Learn a Foreign Language ' ? Yes! It`s for me!
When I was a student, it was really poor conditoin for learning foreign language .
There wasn`t any mp3, internet, video,...etc, there were only books..
and after graduating, there was almost no opportunity to use English.
내가 학생이었을때는 (하하..너무 너무 오래전이라서^.^) )외국어를 배우는 환경이 참으로 열악했습니다.
mp3,인터넷, 비디오...등등도 전혀 없었으며 오직 책만 있었습니다. 더군다나 졸업후에는 거의 영어를 써 볼 기회가 없었습니다. 어떻게 외국어를 배워야 하는가 ? 네, 바로 나를 위한 것이었습니다.
Then after , these days I found many friends are learning foreign languages on lang-8 site , I would also like to learn English from now on ^^.
For my own pleasure ~ ^__^;;not a for an exam.
As a pleasure ~ ^__^;;not a for a exam.
I feel like it will make me happy and it will give me pleasure .
그리고 그뒤에 여기 lang-8 사이트에서 많은 친구들이 외국어들을 배우는 것을 알게 되었습니다.
나도 이제 영어를 배우고 싶습니다.
시험을 위해서 가 아니고, 즐거움을 위해서.
그건 분명히 나를 행복하게 하고 ,나에게 기쁨을 줄겁니다.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
extract from ★=> http://www.rhinospike.com/audio_requests/asad100101/1306/#recordings
1) Spend the time! 시간을 할애 하세요.
By far the most important factor is how much time you are immersed in the language. The more time you spend with the language, the faster you will learn. This means listening, reading, writing, speaking, and studying words and phrases. This does not mean sitting in class looking out the window, nor listening to other students who do not speak well, nor getting explanations in your own language about how the language works. This means spending time enjoyably connected to the language you are learning.

2) Listen and read every day! 날마다 읽고 들으세요!
Listen wherever you are on your MP3 player. Read what you are listening to. Listen to and read things that you like, things that you can mostly understand, or even partly understand. If you keep listening and reading you will get used to the language. One hour of listening or reading is more effective than many hours of class time.

3) Focus on words and phrases! 단어와 구절에 집중하세요!
Build up your vocabulary, you’ll need lots. Start to notice words and how they come together as phrases. Learn these words and phrases through your listening and reading. Read online, using online dictionaries, and make your own vocabulary lists for review. Soon you will run into your new words and phrases elsewhere. Gradually you will be able to use them. Do not worry about how accurately you speak until you have accumulated a plenty of words through listening and reading.

4) Take responsibility for your own learning! 당신의 배움에 대해 책임감을 가지세요.
If you do not want to learn the language, you won’t. If you do want to learn the language, take control. Choose content of interest, that you want to listen to and read. Seek out the words and phrases that you need to understand your listening and reading. Do not wait for someone else to show you the language, nor to tell you what to do. Discover the language by yourself, like a child growing up. Talk when you feel like it. Write when you feel like it. A teacher cannot teach you to become fluent, but you can learn to become fluent if you want to.

5) Relax and enjoy yourself! 느긋하게 당신 자신을 즐기세요!
Do not worry about what you cannot remember, or cannot yet understand, or cannot yet say. It does not matter. You are learning and improving. The language will gradually become clearer in your brain, but this will happen on a schedule that you cannot control. So sit back and enjoy. Just make sure you spend enough time with the language. That is the greatest guarantee of success.

One of America's largest producers of food and drinks has decided to grow seaweed and use it in its food production. They have chosen to build the farms in an area ten kilometers long on a coast in the south of India.

For a long time, people in India have been collecting natural seaweed from beaches for use in cooking. This is the first time the seaweed has been farmed.

The problem with people taking seaweed from beaches is that seaweed will soon disappear. Then there will be no more seaweed left. But if they build seaweed farms, then there will be lot of seaweed for a long time. Also, there will be many jobs for the local people and this will bring in some more money to this area.

The chosen area will cut up into one hundred small farms, Each farm will have one family to take care of it. It takes around forty-five days for the seaweed to grow.