English Recordings

30.
Figures A and B demonstrate how dew point is measured by a dew point hygrometer. In Figure A, light is transmitted from a laser and reflected off the mirror onto a receiver that measures the intensity of the observed light. When the
mirror temperature is above dew point and the intensity of the transmitted light is 10 mW/cm2, the intensity of the observed light is the same. In Figure B, when the mirror temperature is at dew point, dew drops cover the surface of the mirror. When the transmitted light hits the dew drops, it becomes scattered. As a consequence, compared to the intensity of the transmitted light, that of the observed light measured by the receiver is increased.

31.
Responses to survey questions are influenced by events, and we should consider this when reviewing the results of a survey. The reputation of an airline, for example, will
be damaged if a survey is conducted just after a plane crash. A computer company lost its reputation in company surveys just after major news
coverage about a defect in its products. On the positive side, surveys by a beverage company about its image showed very favorable public attitudes just after its massive investment in the Olympics. Consequently, surveys should be conducted when the organization is not in the news or connected to a significant event that may influence public opinion. In neutral context, a more valid survey can be conducted about an organization’s reputation, products, or services.

32.
War seems to be part of the history of humanity.
Countries, regions, and even villages were economically
independent of one another in the past. Under those circumstances, the destruction of our enemy might have
been a victory for us. There was a relevance to violence and war. However, today we are so interdependent that the concept of war has become outdated. When we face
problems or disagreements today, we have to arrive at solutions through dialog. We must work to resolve conflicts in a spirit of reconciliation and always keep in mind the interests of others. We cannot destroy our neighbors! We
cannot ignore their interests! Doing so would ultimately cause us to suffer. Therefore, the concept of violence is now unsuitable, and nonviolence is the appropriate method.

1. wishy washy

Definition:
Indecisive or not reliable.
Example:
Rosie was always wishy washy about our plans to get married, so I knew she would run away before our wedding day.

2. wimp

Definition: A weak or fearful person; someone who lacks courage.

Example:
Don't be such a wimp -- riding a bike can't hurt you!

3. watered down

Definition: Weakened or diluted; something that has been made less powerful or potent.
Example:
The movie is a watered down version of the book.

4. kick your ass
Definition:
To beat decisively; to give a severe beating; to rough someone up.
Example:
Don't mess with the bouncer unless you want him to kick your ass.

5. up your sleeve

Definition:
A hidden advantage; some form of trickery lying in wait.
Example:
Be careful doing business with Tom -- he's always got something up his sleeve.

1. no-brainer

Definition:
Something that is perfectly obvious; easy to do, requiring very little effort.
Example:
What's one plus two? That's a no-brainer!

2. Pipe down

Definition:

To stop talking; to lower the volume. Frequently used as a command meaning "Be quiet!"

Example:
Pipe down! Mom's talking on the phone.

3. hush-hush

Definition:
Very secret

Example:
Let's keep that information hush-hush, OK ?

4. fat cat
Definition:
A person who has great wealth and power; a tycoon.

Example:
Those fat cats in Washington are going to keep pressuring Congress to pass the tax bill.

5. screw up

Definition:
To make a major mistake.
Example:
Tom screwed up the whole project, and now we're four weeks behind schedule.

1. Zone out

Definition:
To lose all concentration; to slip out of normal consciousness, and have nothing on your mind.

Example:
1) After working on a document for four hours straight, I zoned out in front of my computer screen.

2. blow off steam

Definition:
To release stress or anger.
Example:
1) Rob screams and yells a lot. He should find some other way to blow off steam.

3. cut a deal

Definition:
To make an agreement; to form a contract.

Example:
1) We cut a deal with Sony and now we handle all of their accounts in Jersey City.

4. basket case

Definition:
Crazy;

Example:
1) After his wife left him, Paul was a real basket case.

5. Glued to your seat

Definition:
To be extremely interested in something; to be so involved with something that you cannot move.

Example:
1) As soon as the movie started, Holly was glued to her seat.

~~<I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD>~~~~

I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars
that shine and twinkle on the Milky Way,
They stretched in never-ending line
along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
in such a jocund company:
I gazed - and gazed - but little thought
what wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" (also known as "The Daffodils") is an 1804 poem by William Wordsworth. It was inspired by an April 15, 1802 event in which Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy came across a "long belt" of daffodils. It was first published in 1807, and a revised version was released in 1815. In anthologies the poem is sometimes titled "I wandered lonely as a cloud."

The poem is written in iambic tetrameter

★~Thanks for your recording~ ★
~~녹음 해 주셔서 감사합니다.~~
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파생어, 복합어
extracted추출한
extraction뽑아냄
extractive1. 발췌적인, 추출할 수 있는, 추출성의 2. 추출물, 엑스
extractor1. 추출자, 발췌자 2. 추출 장치, 뽑아내는 기구 3. 환기팬
beef extract쇠고기 엑스
bovine extract우유
extractive1. 뽑다, 뽑아내다, 추출하다, 받아내다 2. 추출물
extractant추출용 용제(溶劑)
liver extract간장 엑스
malt extract맥아 엑스, 맥아 추출물
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
extract an adequate passage from a book (책에서 적절한 구절을 하나 발췌하다
extract a tooth (이를 뽑다
extract a confession (자백을 받아내다
extract pleasure from rural life 전원생활에서 즐거움을 얻다
extract a principle from a collection of facts 수집된 사실에서 법칙을 끌어내다
extract the juice from a fruit 과일에서 즙을 짜내다
extract the cork from a bottle 병의 코르크 마개를 뽑다
an extract from a book (출처: BBI Word Combi)책에서 뽑은 발췌문.
He proved he can extract embryonic stem cells and develop them into a variety of tissue types for therapeutic cloning purposes. (출처: The Korea Herald)그는 배아줄기세포를 추출해 이를 치료 목적의 복제를 통해 다양한 인체 조직으로 성장시킬 수 있음을 입증했다.

The economic lessonto extract from all of this is that zero prices lead to suboptimal outcomes, and it doesn't just apply to the smoking issue. (출처: 세계일보 WT논평)이상에서 얻을 수 있는 경제적 교훈은 제로 값이 차선의 결과를 유도하며, 이는 흡연문제에만 적용되는 것은 아니란 점이다.

Eggs carry only eight different types of protein, making it easier to extract a specific type, Kim explained. (출처: The Korea Herald)“달걀에는 단백질의 종류가 8종류 밖에 없어 특정 종류를 추출하기가 쉽다”고 김 박사는 설명했다.

blackmail a person ; extract money from a person by threats 위협해서 돈을 빼앗다
express[press out] juice from grapes ; squeeze[extract] juice from a lemon 즙을 내다
get[gain] knowledge; acquire[obtain] information; derive one´s knowledge from ; extract information from 지식을 얻다
We extract oil from olives. 올리브에서 기름을 추출한다
They devised a method to extract the ore.
그들은 광석을 추출해내는 방법을 고안했다.
By trying to extract the bullet.
총알을 뽑으려고 했다며?
extract[excerpt, quote] from Milton´s writings; make an extract from Milton´s writings (밀턴의 글에서 따다.
I extracted a promise from him.
(나는 그에게서 약속을 받아냈다.
I heard about that thing they extracted from me. (나한테서 뽑아낸 거 얘기들었어
An expected 40,000 tons will be extracted annually until 2018, according to the Korea National Oil Corp. (한국석유공사에 따르면 2018년까지 매년 4만톤을 채굴할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다고 한다.
So far, scientists have treated 57 diseases with stem cells extracted from umbilical cords. (현재까지 과학자들은 태줄에서 추출한 줄기세포를 이용하여 57종의 질병을 치료했다.

The key to extracting stem cell lines from embryos lies in isolating inner cell masses without damaging them. (출처: The Korea Herald)
배아에서 줄기세포주를 추출하는 핵심은 세포 덩어리를 다치지 않고 분리하는 데 있다.

The practice has been the subject of a serious ethical dispute because extracting stem cells from embryos kills the embryos. (출처: The Korea Herald)
지금까지의 방법은 배아에서 줄기세포를 추출하면 배아가 죽게 된다는 점에서 심각한 윤리적 마찰을 빚어 왔다.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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http://engdic.daum.net/dicen/contents.do?t=exam&&query1=E406540

27.
The human auditory system has its own version of perceptual completion.
A psychologist named Richard Warren demonstrated this
particularly well. He recorded a sentence and cut out a
piece of the sentence from the recording tape. He replaced
the missing piece with a burst of static of the same
duration. Nearly everyone who heard the altered recording
could report that they heard both a sentence and static. But
a majority of people could not tell where the static was!
The auditory system had filled in the missing speech
information, so that the sentence seemed uninterrupted. Most
people reported that there was static and that it existed
apart from the spoken sentence. The static and the sentence
formed separate perceptual streams due to differences in the
quality of sound that caused them to group separately.

28.
Not all authors trusted that the theater audience would
automatically understand their plays in the intended
manner. Thus, they repeatedly attempted to make it clear to
their public that visiting the theater was not merely for the
purpose of entertainment, but rather to draw lessons from
the play offered onstage. It was, therefore, important for
the viewer to create a distance from the actions on the stage so as to facilitate
interpretation of the content. This idea was developed by
Bertolt Brecht with his ‘epic theater,’ which used alienation
as a strategy to prevent the identification of the public with
the figures of the drama. Through scattered narration and
commentary throughout the play, for example, the viewers
are invited to take a step back from the performance. In
this way, they are given hints to better understand the play
while the conclusion is left open so as to leave them to
draw their own conclusions.

29.
After dinner he built a fire, going out into the weather for
wood he had piled against the garage. The air was bright
and cold against his face, and the snow in the driveway was
already halfway to his knees. He gathered logs, shaking off
their soft white caps and carrying them inside. He sat for a
time in front of the fireplace, cross-legged, adding logs, and
gazing at the warm fire. Outside, snow continued to fall
quietly in the cones of light cast by the streetlights. By the
time he rose and looked out the window, his car had
become a soft white hill on the edge of the street.

24.
In this modern world, people are not used to living with
discomfort. We expect immediate results and satisfaction.
We want answers faster than they can be delivered. There
is twenty-four-hour repair and round-the-clock shopping.
If we are hungry, there is always food available, from
microwave dinners to all-night grocery stores and
restaurants. People no longer know how to wait, or even
what waiting means. It is nice to have what you want when
you want it, but the ability to delay satisfaction is important.
Patience is clearly an important virtue, yet
so many people stand in front of their microwaves thinking
“Hurry up!”

25.
The goal of medicine as it is currently practiced is to
develop procedures and drugs that work equally well on
all patients, regardless of gender, age, or genetics. It
derives from the prevalent belief that all of us are similar
bio-mechanical units that rolled off the same assembly line
― a most imperfect conception of human beings that limits
conventional medicine’s effectiveness. The doctor of the future,
however, needs to practice medicine in fundamentally
different ways. One of the most important shifts will be an
increased recognition of patient individuality, a concept
now largely ignored. Instead of treating different patients
that display similar symptoms with the same drugs,
doctors should identify root causes of disease to come up
with a personalized treatment.

26.
For the most part, we like things that are familiar to us.
To prove the point to yourself, try a little experiment. Get
the negative of an old photograph that shows a front view
of your face and have it developed into a pair of pictures ―
one that shows you as you actually look and one that
shows a reverse image so that the right and left sides of
your face are interchanged. Now decide which version of
your face you like better and ask a good friend to make
the choice, too. If you are like most people, you should
notice something odd: Your friend will prefer the true
print, but you will prefer the reverse image. Why? Because
you both will be responding favorably to the more familiar
face ― your friend to the one the world sees and you to the
reversed one you find in the mirror every day.

21.
While awaiting the birth of a new baby, North American
parents typically furnish a room as the infant’s sleeping
quarters. For decades, child-rearing advice from experts has encouraged the nighttime separation of
baby from parent. For example, a study recommends that
babies be moved into their own room by three months of
age. “By six months a child who regularly
sleeps in her parents’ room is likely to become dependent
on this arrangement,” reports the study. Yet parent-infant
‘co-sleeping’ is the norm for approximately 90 percent of
the world’s population. Cultures as diverse as the Japanese, the Guatemalan Maya, and the Inuit of
Northwestern Canada practice it.

22.
While manned space missions are more costly than
unmanned ones, they are more successful. Robots and
astronauts use much of the same equipment in space. But
a human is much more capable of operating those
instruments correctly and placing them in appropriate and useful positions. Rarely is a computer more sensitive and
accurate than a human in managing the same geographical
or environmental factors. Robots are also not equipped with
capabilities like humans to solve problems as they arise,
and they often collect data that are unhelpful or irrelevant.

23.
Most of you experience urges when trying to break a habit
and these can be hard to resist unless you find something
else to do instead, and best of all, something that uses the
same part of the body ― even the same muscles. If the
habit involves your hands, as when pulling out hair, then try
to occupy them in some other way. Playing with a toy or
opening and closing your fists for a couple of minutes might
be an answer. The habit of scratching can be replaced
with rubbing in some lotion or patting with the palm of the
hand. If the itches, however, do not disappear, stop
scratching and take the medicine. One 35-year-old
woman who used to rub her eyes with her hands until they
became sore and infected found it helpful to put on make-up
when she was tempted to rub.

18.
This, in the simplest definition, is a promise enforceable
by law. The promise may be to do something or to stop
from doing something. The making of this requires the
mutual agreement of two or more persons or parties, one of
them ordinarily making an offer and another accepting. If
one of the parties fails to keep the promise, the other has
rights to compensation. The law about this considers such
questions as whether this exists, what the meaning of this
is, whether this has been broken, and what compensation is
due to the injured party.

19.
It was a beautiful Friday afternoon and the weekend was
about to begin, but Rob had a lot on his mind. He had
been putting off doing his chemistry report which was due
on Monday. After borrowing some books from the library,
he went home. Later that evening, he was doing the
assignment when his father came in. “What are you doing,
kid?” he asked. “Biography of Marie Curie,” Rob said
absently as he was typing on his computer. “Really?
I did that for a chemistry assignment when I was in school,”
his father said. “Why don’t you find some information
from the encyclopedia over there?” he added. Rob
grabbed the encyclopedia. He smiled thinking that even
though he was practically born playing computer games,
he was still doing the same assignments his father did
over 20 years ago.

20.
Upon receiving your last letter, I rushed to look up
the word ‘flattering’ in the dictionary. I was shocked
to find out that it could imply something negative, which
I certainly did not mean. I should have used some word
like ‘complimentary’ instead. For that, I would like to ask
for the kindness in your heart to forgive my unintended
offense. If you knew me well, you would know that I am
shameless enough to take all compliments at their face
value and not to think that they might be mere flattery.
I just did not know what the word really implied. I hope
that you no longer feel hurt or uncomfortable in any way
as a result of our correspondence.