English Recordings

Reading:
Comic Books, Newspapers, to Novels

Part I: Reading
I really enjoy reading in my free, but my mood often determines what I read.
I enjoy comic books; it usually is light reading, and the stories aren't very long, but some comics really reflect daily life in my culture. I also like to skim the newspaper every day to find out what's happening in the world. This keeps me up to date on current local and international events. Because I don't have much time to read, I generally skip over the editorial section of the newspaper and read the business and sports sections. Every once in a while, I take the time to read a good novel if time permits. Overall, reading helps me not only stay in touch with the world but it also gives me a chance to relax.

Part II: Discussion
What types of materials do you enjoy reading for pleasure? Do you enjoy reading in English? Why or why not? What things can you do to improve your reading skills?

Part III: Online Investigation
The Internet now contains a very large collection of materials to choose from for reading, including classic novels and newspapers. Search online for a newspaper from your country that is in English. Find a current event story happening in your country, summarize the content, and discuss the topic in a group.

~★Thanks for your recording~★
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He determined to learn English.(보다 일반적)
very determined 아주 확고한.
determined fierce resistance완강한[심한] 저항
bound and determined확고한 계획이 있는
a plebiscite to determine the status of a territory영토권을 결정하는 국민 투표.
a referendum to determine the status of a territory영토의 지위를 결정할 국민투표
ascertain an etymology어원을 조사하다.
bitter opposition강력한[단호한] 반대.
제가 결정한self-determined
단호한[완강한] 저항determined[stubborn] resistance
습도를 재다determine the humidity
위도를 측정하다determine the latitude
억척스럽다tough; determined; relentless
결연한 태도a determined attitude
과단한resolute; decisive; determined
속력 측정을 하다determine the velocity of
태도를 결정하다determine one´s attitude
확고한[현실적] 목표a determined[realistic] goal
운명을 결정하다decide[determine] the destiny of
추첨으로 순서를 결정하다choose[determine] turns by lot
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reflect 숙고하다, 반성하다; 나쁜 영향을 미치다; 반영하다; 반사하다.
1. reflect closely 면밀하게 생각하다
reflect seriously 진지하게 생각하다.
2. reflect on[upon] …을 반성하다.
reflect on one’s past mistakes 과거의 실수를 반성하다.
3. reflect on (신용․명예 따위)에 나쁜 영향을 초래하다.
Her unfounded accusations reflected on her credibility. 그녀의 근거없는 비난이 그녀의 신용을 떨어뜨렸다.
4. reflect on …을 반영하다.
Her actions reflect well on her upbringing. 그녀의 행동이 그녀의 가정교육을 잘 반영한다.
5. reflect on …에 (신용․불명예 따위를) 초래하다.
The team’s victory reflected credit on the coach. 팀의 승리로 코치의 명성이 올라 갔다.
6. Does this answer reflect how you feel? 이 대답이 당신의 감정을 반영한 것입니까?
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--<Think about today >--May 21st 2010 02:21
Look back! -
I think I should be more dilligent.
These recent days ,no these recent years I have become lazy/ have gotten lazy.
I feel I should make a fresh start . as looks like young firend .
Think about 1 day ,1 week ,1 year, and then my plans/things/thought put into a action.
Everyone knows that our time is composed of the past-time, the present -time,and the future-time ,
the most important time is the present-time that I can act, in my guessing.
If I don`t act today tomorrow will not become true easily.
Many 'today s' add up to become 'tomorrow'.
(slow but steady)

<되돌아 봄 >
좀 더 부지런해져야겠다.
요즘, 아니 몇년간 너무 나태해졌다.
다시 새로 시작하는 마음으로 하루를 ,1주일을 ,1달을 , 1년을 정리 해 보고 지내야겠슴을 느낀다.
우리의 시간을 과거-현재-미래를 구분하지만,
현재 내가 할 수 있는 현재가 가장 중요한 듯 하다.
만약 오늘 내가 행동 하지 않으면 내일 역시 오지 않을 것이다.
오늘이 모이면 내일이다.

♥~Thanks for your recording!~♥

http://lang-8.com/117072/journals/489568/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%98-%EA%B2%B0%EC%8B%ACThink-about-today

[Review of "Kim Dong Ryul_취중진담(Drunken Truth)]

It's because our society is caught up in a get-rich-quick fever in which everything is made quick and easy with higher pay.
In recent years, girl groups, which are a trend in the music world, all look different yet similar.
Just like Barbie dolls in a display case.
Their songs and choreography are made quickly, similar to putting change in a vending machine and taking it out, and they're digested and disappear almost immediately.
This dismal future of Korean pop-culture isn't only a sad thing.
This is thanks to the few real singers who live for their music and are working hard to keep their identities through yin and yang.
Take Kim Dong Ryul as an example of those singers.
He is such a unique and concert-oriented singer-song writer that he should be designated as a natural monument.
Now he refuses to attend any TV entertainment and music programs which are the best for the promotion of his album and rejects other event invitations
Why do you suppose he does that?
Not because he's rich..
The reason is that he doesn't want to make compromises about his music.
He was recently invited to perform at the promotion event of a new, foreign luxury car.
According to an official from his director company, he gave a hearty laugh since he wanted to accept the offer because could have received thousands of dollars for just two songs, but Kim rejected it with just a word.
The reason he revealed was firm and correct.
It is that there is no way that he would sing along to a prerecorded accompaniment.
It would be an insult to treat the fans who would attend his concert, breathing in the same space as him, like that.
In the end, officials relayed that he doesn't understand how a singer could sing a song without passion and soul.
Today's singers and groups earn money not by selling albums or touring but by performing at private events.
If they're earning money, they're running soccer fields, basketball courts, baseball stadiums, and volleyball courts more than athletes and they attend more university festivals than actual students.
This is the background full of nameless hit songs that disappear so fast and where so many singers and groups get to the top of music charts and down so quickly.
On the other hand, Kim gets the rewardof his rejections from another place.
His concerts are always sold out, and after every concert, he has to return a bow to the audiences who always give a standing ovation.
Last year, all of the tickets to his 'PrologueⅢ 4th concert' were sold out just 10 minutes after they were available, and there was a 1-hour-long standing ovation which even he couldn't believe.
This is exactly the power of a real singer.

Mechanical engineering is an engineering discipline that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools. It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines.
The field requires a solid understanding of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineers use these core principles along with tools like computer-aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices and more.
Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 19th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing developments in such fields as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology.

Degrees in mechanical engineering are offered at universities worldwide. In Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, North America, and Pakistan, mechanical engineering programs typically take four to five years and result in a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc), Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech), Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng), or Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc) degree, in or with emphasis in mechanical engineering. In Spain, Portugal and most of South America, where neither BSc nor BTech programs have been adopted, the formal name for the degree is "Mechanical Engineer", and the course work is based on five or six years of training. In Italy the course work is based on five years of training; but in order to qualify as an Engineer you have to pass a state exam at the end of the course.

Some mechanical engineers go on to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering, Master of Technology, Master of Science, Master of Engineering Management (MEng.Mgt or MEM), a Doctor of Philosophy in engineering (EngD, PhD) or an engineer's degree. The master's and engineer's degrees may or may not include research. The Doctor of Philosophy includes a significant research component and is often viewed as the entry point to academia.

Standards set by each country's accreditation society are intended to provide uniformity in fundamental subject material, promote competence among graduating engineers, and to maintain confidence in the engineering profession as a whole. Engineering programs in the U.S., for instance, are required by ABET to show that their students can "work professionally in both thermal and mechanical systems areas." The specific courses required to graduate, however, may differ from program to program. Universities will often combine multiple subjects into a single class or split a subject into multiple classes, depending on the faculty available and the university's major area(s) of research. Fundamental subjects of mechanical engineering usually include:

- Statics and dynamics
- Strength of materials and solid mechanics
- Instrumentation and measurement
- Thermodynamics, heat transfer, energy conversion, and HVAC
- Fluid mechanics and fluid dynamics
- Mechanism design (including kinematics and dynamics)
- Manufacturing technology or processes
- Hydraulics and pneumatics
- Mathematics - in particular, calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra.
- Engineering design
- Mechatronics and control theory
- Material Engineering
- Drafting, CAD (including solid modeling), and CAM

Mechanical engineers are also expected to understand and be able to apply basic concepts from chemistry, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, and physics. Most mechanical engineering programs include several semesters of calculus, as well as advanced mathematical concepts which may include differential equations and partial differential equations, linear and modern algebra, and differential geometry, among others.
In addition to the core mechanical engineering curriculum, many mechanical engineering programs offer more specialized programs and classes, such as robotics, transport and logistics, cryogenics, fuel technology, automotive engineering, biomechanics, vibration, optics and others, if a separate department does not exist for these subjects.
Most mechanical engineering programs also require varying amounts of research or community projects to gain practical problem-solving experience. In the United States it is common for mechanical engineering students to complete one or more internships while studying, though this is not typically mandated by the university.

What are residual stresses:

Residual stresses or locked-in stresses can be defined as those stresses existing within a body in the absence of external loading or thermal gradients. In other words residual stresses in a structural material or component are those stresses which exsist in the object without the application of any service or other external loads.

Factors that cause residual stresses:

Residual stresses can be present in any mechanical structure because of many causes.
Residual stresses may be due to the technological process used to make the component. Manufacturing processes are the most common causes of residul stress. Virtually all manufacturing and fabricating processes such as casting, welding, machining, molding, heat treatment, plastic deformation during bending, rolling or forging introduce residual stresses into the manufactured object. Residual stress could be caused by localized yielding of the material, because of a sharp notch or from certain surface treatments like shot peening or surface hardening.
Among the factors that are known to cause residual stresses are the development of deformation gradients in various sections of the piece by the development of thermal gradients, volumetric changes arising during solidification or from solid state transformations, and from differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion in pieces made from different materials.

Thermal residual stresses are primarily due to differential expansion when a metal is heated or cooled. The two factors that control this are thermal treatment (heating or cooling) and restraint. Both the thermal treatment and restraint of the component must be present to generate residual stresses.

When any object is formed through cold working, there is the possibility for the development of residual stresses.

A good common example of mechanically applied residual stresses is a bicycle wheel. A bicycle wheel is a very light and strong because of the way in which the components are stressed. The wire spokes are radial aligned and tightening the spokes creates tensile radial stresses. The spokes pull the rim inward, creating circumferential compression stresses in the rim. Conversely, the spokes pull the tubular hub outward. If the thin spokes were not under a proper tensile preload load the thin wire spokes could not adequately support the load of the rider.

What residual stresses can cause:

Residual stresses can be sufficient to cause a metal part to suddenly split into two or more pieces after it has been resting on a table or floor without external load being applied.
Residual stresses can result in visible distortion of a component.
Residual stresses relaxation can deform a peace when it is in machining.

Role of residual stresses:

Residual stresses have the same role in a structure’s strength as common mechanical stresses. However, while stress due to external loads can be calculated with a degree of accuracy, residual stresses are difficult to foresee. It is, therefore, very important to have a reliable method able to measure them directly with minimum damage to the surface.
Residual stresses can play a significant role in explaining or preventing failure of a component at times. One example of residual stresses preventing failure is the shot peening of component to induce surface compressive stresses that improve the fatigue life of the component. Unfortunately, there are also processes or processing errors that can induce excessive tensile residual stresses in locations that might promote failure of a component.
It must be kept in mind that the internal stresses are balanced in a component. Tensile residual stresses are counter balanced by compressive residual stresses. Residual stresses are three-dimensional.

Residual stress measuring methods:

1) x-ray diffraction
2) ultrasonic methods
3) magnetic methods
4) Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry
5) Hole drilling and strain gage technique
6) Core Hole drilling and strain gage technique

"You're beginning to get on my nerves."
"Will you please stop doing that? It's getting on my nerves."
"His whining is getting on my nerves."

A: "He doesn't like his birthday present."
B: "He's starting to get on my nerves. It's one thing to not like it, but it's another to complain about it. We tried our best to get him a good present."
A: "Yeah. It's bothering me too."

Other Common Sentences

"You're beginning to annoy me."
"His complaints are starting to bother me."

"I'm sick and tired of eating the same thing for lunch everyday."

"I'm getting sick and tired of this song. They play it way too often at this club."

"I'm sick and tired of listening to him nag all the time."

A: "Where are you going for lunch today?"
B: "I don't know... how about a burger?"
A: "No. I eat that almost everyday. I'm getting sick and tired of them."
B: "Let's go eat teriyaki then."

Other Common Sentences

"I'm getting sick of this phone. I think I'll buy a new one."

"I'm tired of the same routine. I need to find something new and different."

"I have nothing to do. I'm bored to death."

"I hate it when I'm bored to death."

"Would you rather be super busy or bored to death?"

A: "Hey Seth, what are you doing?"
B: "I'm reading a book. What are you doing?"
A: "I'm bored to death. Let's do something."
B: "Sure. Come over and we can play some games."

Other Common Sentences

"I'm so bored, I could die."
"I'm dying of boredom."

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Walesto the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.[13]
England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and theCotswolds). London, England's capital, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures.[note 3] England's population is about 51 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities.
The Kingdom of England—which after 1284 included Wales—was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain.[14] In 1800, Great Britain was united with Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State was established as a separate dominion, but the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act in 1927 reincorporated into the kingdom six Irish counties to officially create the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The Vampires of Venice is the sixth episode in the fifth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
Following Amy's attempts to seduce him, the Doctor gatecrashes her fiancé Rory's stag party and tells him the problem. Knowing full well that travelling with him has a habit of destroying his companions' lives and relationships on Earth, the Doctor decides to take Amy and Rory on a romantic trip to get their relationship back on track. The TARDIS lands in the city of Venice in 1580, but he quickly discovers all is not well, as according to the citizens, plague is running rampant, and the city has been placed under quarantine at the order of the city's patron, Signora Rosanna Calvierri.
The Doctor heads to the Calvierri's palazzo, where he discovers that Rosanna runs a school for the betterment of young ladies which is highly sought after. However, as the Doctor watches, he sees a Venetian boat-builder called Guido, who had entered his daughter Isabella into the school several days before, trying to remove her. After Guido is turned away by the guards, the Doctor goes after him and learns that something evil is happening in the school, for his daughter didn't recognise him, and the girl who turned him away had a face like an animal.
Meanwhile, Amy and Rory, desperately trying to get along, hear a scream, and go to investigate, finding Rosanna's son, Francesco Calvierri, drinking blood from the neck of a flower girl. As Rory tends to the girl, Amy chases Francesco, only to lose him when he turns into an alley that opens on to the canal. Meanwhile, with Guido's help, the Doctor sneaks into the school, where he is ambushed by five beautiful girls. Upon noticing the girls have no reflections, and seeing their teeth are curved fangs, the Doctor quickly makes an escape and tells Amy, Rory and Guido the problem: there are vampires in Venice.
Needing a way into the school, Amy suggests that she pose as a destitute girl to gain entrance to the school, then open a way for the Doctor and the others to enter. Despite his distaste for the idea, the Doctor reluctantly agrees; however Amy is caught opening a trap door for the others and is taken to a chamber by Rosanna, Francesco and the other girl to be transformed. As they sneak into the school, the Doctor and Rory find a desiccated female corpse; the Doctor theorises that not all the girls survive the process of being turned into vampires, and Rory angrily tells the Doctor that the greatest danger he poses to his companions is the fact he drives his companions to put themselves at risk trying to impress him. Fortunately, the Doctor and Rory, with the help of Isabella, are able to rescue Amy and escape, though Isabella is caught and thrown into the canal, where something alive in the water drags her under.
The Doctor goes back to the school and confronts Rosanna. He identifies her as a Saturnynian, a race of aquatic beings. The vampiric traits displayed are a result of the natural teeth of the species, their natural aversion to sunlight (being deep-sea creatures) and a perception filter they wear to give themselves human appearance by manipulating brain waves which is rendered redundant when seen in a mirror, hence no reflection; the teeth emerge when attacking because, sensing danger, the human brain 'tweaks' the perception filter to see something dangerous. Rosanna explains that her people's planet was lost when "silence fell" and that they fell through a crack in time that sealed behind them, leaving the Saturnynians trapped in 16th century Venice. When the Doctor identifies himself as from Gallifrey, Rosanna proposes an alliance to restore their peoples together, but the Doctor refuses and departs after confirming that she doesn't even remember Isabella's name. Rosanna remarks that she will "bend the heavens" to save her people, then orders her girls to kill the Doctor and his companions.
At Guido's house, the Doctor realises that the Saturnynians are planning to make Venice habitable for their species by sinking the city. The purpose of Rosanna's school was to lure girls to the school that could be converted into female Saturnynians, since only Rosanna and her male offspring survived the fall through time. At that moment, the Calvierri girls, now fully transformed into Saturnynians, attack the house, but Guido buys the Doctor, Amy and Rory enough time to escape by detonating barrels of gunpowder he had stolen from his workplace at the Arsenal, killing the girls but sacrificing himself. At the same time, Rosanna activates a device that triggers an immense storm over Venice; the Doctor realises that the storm will trigger earthquakes and tsunamis that will sink the city and tells her that all the female Saturnynians she has created are dead. Then, with the help of Amy and Rory, he deactivates the device, saving Venice. Defeated, Rosanna throws herself into the water in human form to be eaten by her doomed offspring, but not before tormenting the Doctor with the knowledge he is now responsible for the extinction of two species: hers, and his own.
In the aftermath of the incident, Amy and the Doctor invite Rory to continue travelling with them in the TARDIS, but as the Doctor and Rory are about to enter the TARDIS, everything falls silent. Unnerved, the Doctor remembers Rosanna's words: "We saw silence, and the end of all things..."