In the 1970s, experts started to make the frightening claim that the world’s rapidly increasing population would exceed the planet’s limited resources, leading to an environmental disaster. The number of people would continue to rise while the amount of food would stay the same so that a famine was inevitable. Implementing a firm strategy to control the population was necessary if a disaster was to be avoided.
The proposed actions for managing the population boom varied from reasonable to ridiculous. Moreover, there was a general feeling that extreme measures would need to be taken if moderate control failed to solve the problem. Even though none of the proposals from the population control activists was ever completely carried out, the world didn't fall apart. So where did all these doomsayers go wrong?
The total world population continues to increase. By contrast, the rate of growth is declining. The rate of world population was at its highest in the 1970s and has been falling ever since. Experts predict the world population will stabilize at around 9 billion sometime before 2056.
So the focus of the problem of 'overpopulation' has now shifted from a global crisis to an urban dilemma. There has been a drastic switch of people moving from the countryside to the city in search of jobs and a higher standard of living. This, together with the flood of immigrants to certain cities, has led to an overpopulation of urban areas. Whenever such conditions exist, these swarming cities are faced with numerous difficulties, namely: limited housing, a strain on In the 1970s, experts started to make the frightening claim that the world’s rapidly increasing population would exceed the planet’s limited resources, leading to an environmental disaster. The number of people would continue to rise while the amount of food would stay the same so that a famine was inevitable. Implementing a firm strategy to control the population was necessary if a disaster was to be avoided.
The proposed actions for managing the population boom varied from reasonable to ridiculous. Moreover, there was a general feeling that extreme measures would need to be taken if moderate control failed to solve the problem. Even though none of the proposals from the population control activists was ever completely carried out, the world didn't fall apart. So where did all these doomsayers go wrong?
The total world population continues to increase. By contrast, the rate of growth is declining. The rate of world population was at its highest in the 1970s and has been falling ever since. Experts predict the world population will stabilize at around 9 billion sometime before 2056.
So the focus of the problem of 'overpopulation' has now shifted from a global crisis to an urban dilemma. There has been a drastic switch of people moving from the countryside to the city in search of jobs and a higher standard of living. This, together with the flood of immigrants to certain cities, has led to an overpopulation of urban areas. Whenever such conditions exist, these swarming cities are faced with numerous difficulties, namely: limited housing, a strain on the sanitation systems, and a lack of drinkable water.
To deal with housing issues as a result of overpopulation, cities have been forced to create low-income housing - though that alone is not enough to solve the problem. Consequently, shantytowns full of illegal squatters can be found in and around the outskirts.
These slums are characterized by a lack of roads and little access to clean drinking water and sanitation. One official response to these slums is to tear down the shanties and evict the squatters. However, this has just resulted in the slums relocating elsewhere.
Then there were plans for relocation: moving the illegal squatters to a temporary camp while more low-income housing dwellings were built. Although this seemed the best solution, it often failed. The inhabitants could not adapt to their new residences and often resold their flats to return to more familiar surroundings.
Because these traditional methods have failed, cities are continually challenged with finding an answer to the issue of urban slums. An Argentine architect, Jorge Mario Jauregui, provided a new solution, which cleaned up the streets of Rio de Janeiro. Jauregui's approach was to assimilate the shantytowns into the city framework by transforming them into real neighborhoods. This has meant replacing muddy dirt paths with paved sidewalks, creating streets capable of supporting traffic, building sewer systems and cleaning up polluted rivers, and providing communities with social centers, clinics, and daycare centers. These changes have allowed the residents of the slums to participate in the life of the city.