Note to recorder:
In my textbook, it says that the (egy) is optional, which statement sounds more local/native to Hungarian, with or without the egy? Or is it something that just depends on the word?
A füzet új.
A füzet új.
A füzetek újak.
A füzetek újak.
Ez (egy) új füzet.
Ez új füzet.
Ezek új füzetek.
Ezek új füzetek.
Az asztal alacsony.
Az asztal alacsony.
Az asztalok alacsonyak.
Az asztalok alacsonyak.
Az (egy) alacsony asztal.
Az alacsony asztal.
Azok alacsony asztalok.
Azok alacsony asztalok.
egy = a
Egy ceruza = A pencil
A ceruza = The pencil
However, the use of "egy" in Hungarian can depend on context and emphasis rather than a grammatical rule.
Az alacsony asztal = The low table. is not a meaningful sentence in itself, it should be continued. The low table .... (for example) is blue.
Az egy alacsony asztal = That's a low table. The statement here is that the table is low, so it is a meaningful sentence in itself.
Another example: Egy szép napon. In general, when I say "egy", I am referring to one of many. I'm not talking about a specific nice day (szép nap), but just a nice day (egy szép nap) in general.
I can say that ez egy szép nap = today is a beautiful day, or I can say that ez a nap szép = this day is beautiful. There is no meaningful difference, but it means slightly different.