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English / Apresentacao by Rosielle on May 22, 2015 934 Words / 1 Recordings / 0 Comments Listen Record

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Apresentacao ( recorded by asliae ), American (New England/Mid-Atlantic)




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Slide 1

Good morning, everyone. Thank you all for being here.

(For those of you who do not know me I'm Rosielle. I am a student at University of Applied Sciences of Cologne).

Slide 2
Today I will present the work with the theme The DPSIR framework in analyzing and addressing floods - The case of Belém / Pará / Brazil.

That was applied in the city of Belém-Pa-Brazil,

According to Figure 1. The city of Bethlehem is located in the north of Brazil and is surrounded by rivers.
 It is an urban city and has 133.333 inhabitants

Slide 3

In Figure 2, you can see the city with a simulation of an increase from the river level to 4 meters,and how it will flood the city ... starting with these areas here ... (pointing at the map).

This simulation demonstrates how the city is vulnerable to such inundations.

Slide 4

Here a picture of the city when it rains, and it identifies various points of Bethlehem

Slide 5

DPSIR
• The model is derived from PER DPSIR model (Driving Forces - State - Responses) adapted by the OECD (Organisation for European Economic Cooperation) in order to realize the links between the environment through environmental indicators and society through environmental performance (Cammarrota and Pierantoni, 2005). It was later developed by the European Environment Agency (EEA, 2001) and used by Eurostat on environmental statistics.

• According to Borja et al. (2005), DPSIR provides a comprehensive mechanism for analysis of environmental problems. Thus, the Driving Forces (Driving Forces) are usually considered to be economic and social policies of governments. The pressures (Pressures) are the ways that these conductive elements are expressed and how ecosystems and their components are disturbed. These pressures affect the state (State) environment, which consequently generate Impact (Impact) on human health and ecosystems, forcing the formulation of answers (Responses). The latter will give through various policy measures, such as regulations, information, taxes and municipal master plans.
• Thus, this model tries to assess the complex dynamics of economic activities and human behavior on environmental quality, enhancing the interaction between the causes of environmental problems, impacts and responses of society in an integrated way.
•
This group of information enables the search for understanding through the DPSIR model (Driving Forces - Pressures - State - Impact - Responses) (Kristensen, 2004), it is understood as a decision support system, representing a form of analysis of the effects of floods and providing support to territorial management.
 
When using the DPSIR modeling framework, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of responses put in place to better understand the driving forces and pressures, i.e. direct and indirect causes, the state and the impact that the study area is subject to and the possible answers.
This model attempts to analyze systematically the set of urban factors, although this has been created for analysis of water quality, today it is commonly used and adapted to other sectors of engineering. So in this case this method will be applied to urban drainage, in order to meet the main actors related to this issue

To start with ....

The DPSIR model was created by the European Environment Agency (EEA).
Its main goal is to address environmental issues and identify causes and consequences of Them.

How does it work?

As you can see in Figure 1. The DPSIR model is divided in five parts. These 5 parts can describe the origins and consequences of environmental issues.

Since the force, pressure and state are the causes, impact is the problem to be studied and the answer is the solution, it should be given.

And all these elements are interconnected

Slide 6

I need to see this slide

Slide 7

The forces are indirect causes

 Involving hydrological cycle and climate change
 Population growth including migration

Slide 8

The pressures are direct causes, which are due to forces leaves the city.

Then, due to urban sprawl, the city began to grow in areas of watershed

According to the figure in the first track 1 may not have habitation, the second can with average risk and the third is permitted for habitation.

This delimitation is due to the regime of the river, when it rises it reaches the level of the river.

But it's not what we see now, because the city is full of homes and this hinders the flow due to:

• Waterproofing, infiltration rate (private land, public areas)
• System not suitable to demand flow

Slide 9

This pressure causes a state

- From flood area: flow problems for rivers, topography, water level, tidal regime

It is evident to a basin and the pictures of homes over the river, which prevents the flow of the river.
Slide 10
The impacts generate losses - leaving the city vulnerable to flooding
This figure has several points of flooding.
Slide 11
Soon it is necessary to analyze this factors through the DPSIR model and give an answer to this impact
Environmental quality
Slide 12
Then a flood response is needed, which includes
 Flood control measures
 Structural measures
 non-structural measures
 Economic evaluation measures for floods
Slide 13

• The results indicate that the main strength indicators are geography and geomorphological location, and population disordering; generating as pressure elements and materials and / or human losses; whose consequences in the form of impact and response were engineering works and preparation of a Master Plan. The model concluded that Bethlehem is in a high danger zone and consequently has a high vulnerability and risk of flooding.